If you’ve ever had a basement flood, you know the stress and damage it can cause. One of the most effective solutions to prevent this is installing a sump pump. But what are they, and how do they work?

This guide will cover the following:

  • What is a Sump Pump?
  • How Does a Sump Pump Work?
  • What are the Different Types of Sump Pump?
  • What is the Best Sump Pump for My Home?
  • How Much Does a Sump Pump Cost to Install?
  • How Long Do Sump Pumps Last?
  • What Are Alternatives to Sump Pumps?

What is a Sump Pump?

A sump pump is a device designed to remove water that has accumulated in a water-collecting basin, typically found in the basement of homes. This basin is usually constructed below the main floor of a house, and the pump’s primary function is to prevent flooding and keep the area dry.

How Does a Sump Pump Work?

It works by detecting rising water levels and activating to pump the excess water out of the sump basin and away from your home’s foundation. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

  1. The basin (sump pit) is installed at the lowest point of the basement.
  1. Water flows into the sump pump through drainage or by natural migration through the soil.
  1. When the water level in the basin reaches a certain height, the sump pump float switch or pressure sensor activates the pump.
  1. The pump activates, drawing water from the basin and pumping it out through a discharge pipe that leads away from your home.
  1. Once the water level drops to a preset level, the float switch deactivates the pump.

What are the Different Types of Sump Pumps?

When it comes to selecting a sump pump, understanding the different types and their specific advantages and disadvantages can help you make an informed decision. 

Here’s a more detailed look at each type available on the market:

Submersible Sump Pumps

Submersible sump pumps are installed inside the sump basin and are designed to operate underwater.

Advantages:

Quiet: Being submerged in water dampens the noise, making them quieter than other types.

Efficiency: These pumps are typically more powerful and efficient at removing water.

Space-Saving: Since they are installed inside the basin, they don’t take up additional floor space in the sump pump’s basement.

Disadvantages:

Cost: Submersible pumps are generally more expensive to purchase and install.

Maintenance: Servicing these pumps can be more challenging since they are located inside the sump basin.

Lifespan: They tend to have a shorter lifespan compared to pedestal pumps due to constant submersion in water.

Pedestal Sump Pumps

Pedestal sump pumps have the motor mounted above the sump basin, with the pump located at the bottom of the basin.

Advantages:

Ease of Maintenance: The motor is easily accessible for repairs and maintenance.

Cost: Generally less expensive than submersible pumps.

Lifespan: Tend to last longer since the motor is not submerged in water.

Disadvantages:

Noise: These pumps are typically louder since the motor is not underwater to dampen the noise.

Space: The motor and stand can take up additional space in the basement.

Efficiency: May not be as efficient as submersible pumps, especially in high-water situations.

Battery Backup Sump Pumps

Battery backup sump pumps are used as a secondary pump to provide protection during power outages. They work in conjunction with either a submersible or pedestal pump.

Advantages:

Power Outage Protection: They ensure your basement stays dry even during power outages.

Supplementary Pumping: Can handle extra water if the primary pump is overwhelmed.

Disadvantages:

Cost: Adding a battery backup sump pump system increases the overall cost.

Battery Maintenance: Batteries require regular maintenance and eventual replacement.

Limited Run Time: Depending on the battery capacity, they can only operate for a limited time during a power outage.

Water-Powered Sump Pumps

Water-powered sump pumps use water pressure from your home's water supply to create suction and remove water from the sump basin.

Advantages:

No Electricity Needed: Ideal for power outages, as they don’t rely on electrical power.

Low Maintenance: Generally requires less maintenance than battery backup systems.

Reliability: Can operate continuously as long as there is a water supply.

Disadvantages:

Water Consumption: They use a significant amount of water, which can increase your water bill.

Less Powerful: Not as powerful as electric sump pumps, making them less suitable for high-water situations.

Installation: Can be complex to install and may require professional plumbing work. 

SAFETY TIP -  If you’re unsure on how to install your sump pump, we recommend hiring a professional.

What is the Best Sump Pump for My Home?

Choosing the best submersible pump for your home depends on several factors:

  • If you have a larger than average basement, you may require a more powerful pump.
  • If you have a home with a high water table, you may require a more robust system.
  • For a house with a budget, keep in mind that submersible pumps are typically more expensive than pedestal pumps but they also offer better performance.
  • Consider a battery backup or water-powered pump if you live in an area prone to power outages.
  • If you’re looking for a sump pump for a pool, always opt for a submersible pump.

How Much Does a Sump Pump Cost to Install?

The cost of installing can vary widely based on the type of pump and complexity of the installation. 

On average, you can expect to pay between £500 and £1,500, including labour. Submersible pumps are generally more expensive to install than pedestal pumps. Adding a battery backup system can also increase the cost by £500 to £1,000. 

How Long Do Sump Pumps Last?

Sump pumps typically last between 7 to 10 years. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the pump and testing it periodically, can extend its lifespan.

How to Maintain a Sump Pump

How to test a sump pump

Pour water slowly into the pump. If the pump doesn't turn on once the water level reaches a certain level or if it does not properly discharge the water, then the pump may be broken.

We recommend testing the pump every year in early spring to make sure it will be functioning effectively when you need it. 

How to clean a sump pump

Remove the pump's lid, and use a torch to look inside. Remove any dirt, sand, gravel or other debris from the pump opening, because if the drainage lines are blocked, water can’t channel into the sump pit.

Check for worn parts

A sump pump's parts can wear over time. The component that often fails the most is the float switch, so manufacturers recommend replacing this every two years.

Install a battery backup

 A battery backup will help make sure your pump doesn't fail, even in the event of a power outage.

Signs of a Faulty Sump Pump

It’s also important to replace the pump if you notice any decrease in performance or unusual noises.

Here’s 3 signs your sump pump may need replacing:

  1. It won’t turn off

If your sump pump is working constantly, this can mean the pump is not putting out enough power. This can be because of the amount of water in the system, or the distance that it has to pump the water.

If it turns out your pump is not powerful enough you will need a stronger one.

  1. Loud noises and constant vibration

Sump pumps are naturally very quiet machines, so any noise more than a muted humming should be concerning. 

If your sump pump is vibrating aggressively this could be due to a broken or bent impeller. Unfortunately impeller blades are very difficult to bend back, so this component will need replacing.

  1. Brown water or rust is visible

If you spot any rust or brown water you should immediately get your sump pump looked at, as rust gets aggressively worse over time.

What Are Alternatives to Sump Pumps?

While sump pumps are highly effective, there are alternative methods to manage basement water issues:

French Drains: A trench filled with gravel and a perforated pipe that redirects water away from your home.

Waterproofing Membranes: Applied to basement walls and floors to prevent water penetration.

Grading and Landscaping: Ensuring the ground slopes away from your home to prevent water accumulation.

A sump pump is a must-have for anyone wanting to keep their basement dry and safe from flooding. Understanding how sump pumps work, the different types out there, and what to consider when picking one can help you make the best choice for your home.